Publications by the Department of Information Systems and Services

Book Chapters

Laumer, S., Maier, C., and Weitzel, T. (2022)
Chapter 6: HR machine learning in recruiting
In: Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022, S. 105–126, Cheltenham, UK

View Abstract
HR recruiting has been the focus of artificial intelligence (AI) based approaches for years. It is expected that applying AI - and especially machine learning - provides opportunities to improve HR processes, simplify, and automate finding, selecting, and evaluating candidates. This chapter reports a literature review to develop the HR recruiting machine learning model. It indicates whether expectations are met, reveals different person-environment fit dimensions focused, identifies challenges coming with these approaches, and discusses future research opportunities. It shows that most studies use decision trees or deep neural networks to predict person-job fit. Given the reported accuracy levels, the use of machine learning can increase the recruiting process's efficiency. Still, the focus is mainly on automatically predicting HR employees' or business managers' assessment of person-environment fit dimensions. The focus is not on fit in terms of an aptitude-diagnostic sense as a base for better decision making. Moreover, several approaches use discriminatory characteristics such as age, gender, or race in their machine learning models to predict an individual's appropriateness for a vacancy. Hence, various future research opportunities are discussed in terms of focusing on the different person-environment fit dimensions and not limiting the analysis to the person-job one. Besides, research should share datasets that enable the comparison of the different machine learning-based approaches, address fairness and transparency by focusing on approaches to eliminate discrimination in the models used, and focus on fit not only to increase efficiency but also to increase decision quality in an aptitude-diagnostic sense.

Hund, A., Diel, V., and Wagner, H. (2021)
Recombining Layers of Digital Technology: How Users Create and Capture Value
In: Ahlemann F., Schütte R., Stieglitz S. (eds) International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2021) : Innovation Through Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation (48). Cham: Springer, pp. 259-274

View Abstract
Recombination is central to the creation of innovation. Since digital innovation is product and use agnostic, not only producers and firms can carry out recombination, but users themselves can select and recombine different digital resources. We investigate why users select and recombine digital resources from different layers (content, service, network, device) of the layered modular architecture in a personal context. Our results allow us to make three key contributions: (1) We underscore the importance to distinguish between intra-layer and inter-layer recombination and uncover different reasons to carry out intra- or inter-layer recombination. (2) We show that the network layer appears to be invisible to users when recombining digital resources in a personal context. (3) We outline recommendations and research questions for future research, based on our findings.

Meiser, S., and Beimborn, D. (2020)
Innovation in Outsourcing : An Empirical Analysis of Outsourcing Vendors’ Innovation Approaches
In: Information Systems Outsourcing: The Era of Digital Transformation

View Abstract
Companies must drive innovation to stay competitive in today’s fast-changing and highly competitive environment. Therefore, they do also involve their outsourcing vendors as strategic partner for innovation. While recently at least some studies have examined innovation-oriented outsourcing partnerships and their outcomes, almost no research has yet focused on the innovation-related actions from an outsourcing vendor’s perspective. Our paper explores what kind of initiatives outsourcing vendors implement to create innovation for their customers. It analyzes a unique dataset of more than 830 innovation initiatives, as reported by global outsourcing vendor firms. The analysis identifies 22 different types of innovation initiatives, which are clustered into six different dimensions. Using these results plus nine interviews with outsourcing experts, we have developed a categorization model which allows for categorizing innovation-related vendor initiatives and provides a basis for evaluating the strategic importance of each category for firms searching for or evaluating an outsourcing vendor.

Kloppenburg, M., Kettenbohrer, J., Beimborn, D., and Bögle, M. (2018)
Leading 20,000+ Employees with a Process-Oriented Management System: Insights into Process Management at Lufthansa Technik Group
vom Brocke J., Mendling J. (eds) Business Process Management Cases. Management for Professionals. Springer, Cham: p.505-520

Fischbach, K., Overhage, S., Staake, T., and Weitzel, T. (2016)
Einleitung
in Benker, T.; Jürck, C.; Wolf, M. (Hrsg.): Geschäftsprozessorientierte Systementwicklung. Von der Unternehmensarchitektur zum IT-System. Springer, Berlin 2016, S. 1-7.

Dugan, C., and Laumer, S. (2015)
Social Image Research in the Age of Selfies
in 15th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Bamberg, Germany, September 14-18, 2015, Proceedings, Part IV

View Abstract
Capturing and sharing images of ourselves and others has given rise to many applications and much human-computer interaction research. Social media has made it faster and easier than ever to share such photos, with "selfies", or photographs taken of oneself, invading popular culture. In this workshop, we will bring together researchers studying images of people in the context of HCI, whether thru mining such data, analyzing its use, or creating novel UIs for such.

Weinert, C., Maier, C., Laumer, S., and Weitzel, T. (2015)
Controlling der Rekrutierung: Erhebung von Kennzahlen entlang des Recruiting-Prozesses
in Praxishandbuch Controlling, W. Becker and P. Ulrich (eds.), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, pp. 1-14

Kettenbohrer, J., Kloppenburg, M., and Beimborn, D. (2015)
Driving Process Innovation: The Application of a Role-Based Governance Model at Lufthansa Technik
In: vom Brocke, J.; Schmiedel, S. (eds.) (2015): BPM - Driving Innovation in a Digital World, Management for Professionals; Springer International Publishing Switzerland: p.275-286

View Abstract
Many stakeholders are involved in process operation and, consequently, also in process improvement and innovation. For the coordination of all stakeholders, an effective governance model with clearly defined roles and tasks can support process-oriented decision-making, which drives improvement and innovation. In this chapter, such a Business Process Management governance model is introduced. The role-based model FAR+ (Framework for Assignment of Responsibilities) provides precise assignment of process accountabilities and responsibilities. In the following, we apply FAR+ to an exemplary process at Lufthansa Technik. Based on this application, we derive implications for research and practice.

Wagner, H., and Moos, B. (2014)
Knowledge Management
in: Cooper, C. (ed.): Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, 3rd Edition, Vol. 6, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

Eckhardt, A., Laumer, S., and Vornewald, K. (2013)
Bewertung von Self- und E-Assessments durch Kandidaten und Unternehmen
In: Diercks, J. and Kupka, K. (eds.): Recrutainment: Spielerische Ansätze in Personalmarketing und -auswahl, Springer Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden, 19-32

View Abstract
Die Studienreihen "Recruiting Trends" und "Bewerbungspraxis", auf denen dieser Beitrag aufbaut, präsentieren erste Meinungen zum Thema Self- und E-Assessment und, weisen auf Vor- und Nachteile aus Unternehmer- und Bewerberperspektive hin. Dabei wird deutlich, dass diesen Instrumenten, trotz noch relativ geringer Verbreitung, von beiden Seiten hohes Potenzial zugerechnet wird. Dieser Beitrag geht nicht nur auf die Chancen von Self- und E-Assessments ein, sondern auch auf die gegenwärtigen Anwendungsbereiche in der Personalselektion und auf die künftige Nutzung.

Illig, S., Wagner, D., Suchan, C., Leunig, B., and Frank, J. (2012)
Analyse der Flexibilität von Informationssystemen am Beispiel des Virtuellen Weiterbildungsstudienganges Wirtschaftsinformatik (VAWi)
In: Suchan, C. and Frank, J. (eds.): Analyse und Gestaltung leistungsfähiger IS-Architekturen, Springer Gabler Verlag, Berlin, 187-199.

Wiesinger, A., Beimborn, D., and Weitzel, T. (2012)
How Do Planned and Actual Interaction Structures Differ in Global Outsourcing Arrangements?
In: Kotlarsky, J., Oshri, I., and Willcocks, L. P. (eds.): The Dynamics of Global Sourcing: Perspectives and Practices, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 20-38.

View Abstract
How and why do actual interaction structures in global outsourcing arrangements differ from those originally planned? We use a social network perspective to analyze the structure of social interaction networks among operational staff and management of vendor and client firm in an outsourcing arrangement. We apply a case study approach to understand which interaction structures appear and whether they are in accordance with those structures formally defined in the outsourcing governance. We found that real interaction often differs from the plan and we provide theoretical explanations for understanding these deviations, thus contributing to the understanding of outsourcing governance and outsourcing relationship management.

Weitzel, T., Eckhardt, A., Laumer, S., and von Stetten, A. (2012)
Personalbeschaffung im deutschen Mittelstand - Eine empirische Analyse des Status quo
In: Meyer, J.-A. (ed.): Personalmanagement in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen, JOSEF EUL VERLAG, Lohmar, 131-157. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Personalmanagement-kleinen-mittleren-Unternehmen-KMU-Forschung/dp/3844101462/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1339675191&sr=8-1

Laumer, S., and Eckhardt, A. (2012)
Why Do People Reject Technologies: A Review of User Resistance Theories
in: Dwivedi, Y.K., Wade, M.R., and Schneberger, S.L. (eds.): Information Systems Theory - Explaining and Predicting Our Digital Society, Vol. 1; in: Integrated Series in Information Systems, Vol. 28, 63-86, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2_4. Online unter: http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4419-6107-5/#section=960280&page=1

Maier, C., Laumer, S., and Eckhardt, A. (2011)
Technology Adoption by Elderly People - An Empirical Analysis of Adopters and Non-Adopters of Social Networking Sites
In: Heinzl, A., Buxmann, P., Wendt, O., and Weitzel, T. (eds.): Theory-Guided Modeling and Empiricism in Information Systems Research, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, 85-110. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Theory-Guided-Modeling-Empiricism-Information-Research/dp/3790827800/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1317916027&sr=8-1

von Stetten, A., Beimborn, D., Weitzel, T., and Reiss, Z. (2011)
Managing the Impact of Differences in National Culture on Social Capital in Multinational IT Project Teams - A German Perspective
In: Heinzl, A., Buxmann, P., Wendt, O., and Weitzel, T. (eds.): Theory-Guided Modeling and Empiricism in Information Systems Research, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, 187-206. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Theory-Guided-Modeling-Empiricism-Information-Research/dp/3790827800/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1317916027&sr=8-1

Eckhardt, A., Laumer, S., and Maier, C. (2011)
Introducing a First Step towards a Holistic Talent Management System Architecture
In: Scupola, A. (ed.): Developing Technologies in E-Services, Self-Services, and Mobile Communication: New Concepts, IGI Global, Hershey (PA), Book Online: http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/titledetails.aspx?titleid=47049; Chapter Online: http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/chapter.aspx?titleid=54968

Eckhardt, A., Brickwedde, W., Laumer, S., and Weitzel, T. (2011)
The Need for a Recruiter 2.0 for Hiring IT Talent - The German Software Manufacturer Case
in: Jerry Luftman (ed.): Managing IT Human Resources: Considerations for Organizations and Personnel, IGI Publishing. Erhältlich unter: http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/titledetails.aspx?TitleId=45966&DetailsType=Preface

Beimborn, D., Joachim, N., and Schlosser, F. (2011)
The Role of SOA for BPO Intention - Proposing a Research Model
In: Raj Sharman, H. Raghav Rao, T. S. Raghu (Eds.): Exploring the Grand Challenges for Next Generation E-Business, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer, Berlin, 122-136

View Abstract
How does the availability of an SOA within a firm affect the potential of and intention for outsourcing business activities? Since one of the promises of SOA is to modularize the IT representation of business processes, it should facilitate business process outsourcing in terms of buying the provision of single business functionalities. In this paper, we develop a conceptual research model that theorizes the relationship between SOA and BPO intention.

Beimborn, D. (2010)
Standardisierung und Homogenisierung der Softwarelandschaft
In: Kurbel, K., Becker, J., Gronau, N., Sinz, E., Suhl, L. (eds.): Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik, Oldenbourg, 4. Auflage. Online unter: www.enzyklopaedie-der-wirtschaftsinformatik.de

Eckhardt, A., and Laumer, S. (2010)
An IT-Architecture to Align E-Recruiting and Retention Processes
In: Information Resources Management Association (ed.): Electronic Services: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications, Idea Group Reference, 1574-1592. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Electronic-Services-Concepts-Methodologies-Applications/dp/1615209670/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books-intl-de&qid=1282736090&sr=1-4

Wüllenweber, K., Beimborn, D., Weitzel, T., and König, W. (2009)
The Impact of Process Standardization on Business Process Outsourcing Success
In: Willcocks, L., Lacity, M. (eds.): Outsourcing Information Systems, Sage Publications, 142-164. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Outsourcing-Information-Systems-Business-Management/dp/1848604459/

Beimborn, D. (2009)
Projektrisikomanagement
In: Kurbel, K., Becker, J., Gronau, N., Sinz, E., Suhl, L. (eds.): Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik, Oldenbourg. Online unter: www.enzyklopaedie-der-wirtschaftsinformatik.de

Wüllenweber, K., König, W., Beimborn, D., and Weitzel, T. (2009)
The Impact of Process Standardization on Business Process Outsourcing Success
In: R. Hirschheim, A. Heinzl, J. Dibbern (eds.): Information Systems Outsourcing: Enduring Themes, Global Challenges, and Process Opportunities, Springer, Heidelberg, 527-548

Beimborn, D., and Joachim, N. (2009)
Proposing the Relationship between IT Business Alignment and the Business Value of Service-Oriented Architectures in Financial Firms
In: D. Kundisch, D. J. Veit, T. Weitzel, and C. Weinhardt (eds.): Enterprise Applications and Services in the Finance Industry, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer, Berlin, 78-93

View Abstract
What is the business value of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) and how can we achieve it? This paper represents a conceptual piece of research which focuses on the impact of IT Business Alignment (ITBA) on the successful implementation of SOA, in terms of its business value. The contribution of this model is predominant in proposing a threefold effect of ITBA on achieving a successful implementation of SOA through the specific strategic needs defined by a particular firm in a specific industry, i.e., the banking industry. As a result, we show that the business strategy moderates the impact of SOA's general potentials on its actual business value and claim that this relationship is further moderated by ITBA, which must be thoroughly considered by practitioners deciding on introducing SOA in their firm.

Laumer, S., and Eckhardt, A. (2009)
What makes the difference? - Introducing an integrated information system architecture for employer branding and recruiting
In: T. Bondarouk, H. Ruel, E. Oiry, and K. Guiderdoni (eds.): Handbook of Research on E-Transformation and Human Resources Management Technologies. Information Science Reference, Hershey (PA), 275-288

König, W., and Beimborn, D. (2008)
Sourcing-Trends im KMU-Geschäft der deutschen Banken
Kaib, B. (ed.): Outsourcing in Banken. Gabler, Wiesbaden, 183-210

Keim, T., and Weitzel, T. (2007)
The Adoption of HRIS for Personnel Recruitment
In: T. Torres and M. Arias: Encyclopedia of HRIS: Challenges in e-HRM, Idea Group

König, W., Beimborn, D., Martin, S., Blumenberg, S., and Homann, U. (2007)
Mittelständler und Banken: Einflussfaktoren der Bereitschaft zur Kooperation auf der Basis eingebetteter Informationssysteme
Loos, P.; Krcmar, H. (eds.): Architekturen und Prozesse. Strukturen und Dynamik in Forschung und Unternehmen, Springer, Berlin

Keim, T., König, W., Weitzel, T., and von Westarp, F. (2006)
Bewerbungs- und Recruiting-Trends in der Finanzbranche - Aktuelle Ergebnisse empirischer Studien
Growing Talents! Herausforderungen des HR-Managements in der Finanzindustrie (Tagungsband zur gleichnamigen Konferenz am 5. April 2006 in Frankfurt am Main), Frankfurt am Main

Weitzel, T., Wendt, O., Beimborn, D., and König, W. (2006)
Network Effects and Diffusion Theory - Extending Economic Network Analysis
Jakobs, K. (ed.): Advanced Topics in Information Technology Standards and Standardization Research, Volume 1, Hershey, PA, ISBN 159140939-X. Erhältlich unter: http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/chapter.aspx?TitleId=4668

König, W., Beimborn, D., Martin, S., and Homann, U. (2005)
Capability Map: Eine alternative Darstellungsweise für Unternehmensprozesse aus ressourcenorientierter Sicht
Beyer, J.; Mönch, L. (Hrsg.): Aspekte der Wirtschaftsinformatik: Methoden, Werkzeuge und Anwendungen, SCS-European Publishing House

View Abstract
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit einem neuen Modellierungs- und Analysekonzept für Geschäftsprozesse, das aus zwei Unternehmenstheorien, der Resource-based Theory (RBT) und der Competence-based Theory (CBT), entwickelt wurde. Das Konzept versteht sich als eine zu den traditionellen, prozessbasierten Darstellungs- und Analysetechniken komplementäre Methode, die das Management bei der strategischen Entscheidungsfindung - z. B. über das Outsourcing bestimmter Teilprozesse - unterstützen soll. Das als "Capability Map" bezeichnete Konzept bietet einen neuartigen Ansatz zur strategischen Evaluierung der Komponenten von Geschäftsprozessen und erlaubt deren Darstellung als ein Netzwerk von sog. Capabilities. Unter dem Begriff "Capability" verstehen wir das Leistungsvermögen (materielle und immaterielle sowie intellektuelle Ressourcen) eines Unternehmens, eine gewisse Geschäftsfunktion auf beliebiger Granularitätsebene auszuführen. Die Anwendung der Capability Map auf die Prozesse einer deutschen Universalbank zeigen die Nutzenpotenziale dieses neuen Konzeptes auf.

König, W., and Weitzel, T. (2005)
Towards the E-Enterprise: standards, networks, and co-operation strategies
Kuhlin, B./Thielmann, H. (eds.): The Practical Real Time Enterprise, Springer, Berlin. Online unter: http://www.springerlink.com/content/kj2584106546885g/

König, W., and Weitzel, T. (2005)
Ökonomische Analyse von Netzeffekten
In: Peter Gendolla, Jörgen Schäfer (Hg.): Wissensprozesse in der Netzwerkgesellschaft; transcript Verlag, S. 191-218. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Wissensprozesse-Netzwerkgesellschaft-Peter-Gendolla/dp/3899422767/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1299161856&sr=8-1

Weitzel, T., and König, W. (2005)
Die Evolutionsschritte zum E-Enterprise: Standardisierung, Vernetzung und Kooperationsstrategien
Kuhlin, B./Thielmann, H. (Hrsg.): Real Time Enterprise in der Praxis, Springer, Berlin. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Real-Time-Enterprise-Praxis-Ausblick/dp/3540219080

View Abstract
Moderne netzwerkartige Unternehmensformen von Supply Webs über flexible Unternehmensallianzen bis hin zu letztlich völlig dezentralen und hochmodularen Dienstearchitekturen als Grundlage für Ad-hoc-Supply-Chains oder ein "Real Time Enterprise" erfordern eine gezielte Vernetzung zwischen einer Vielzahl von Akteuren zur systematischen Ausbeutung von Skaleneffekten. Dabei gibt es netzwerkspezifische Koordinationsprobleme, die aus der Existenz von Netzeffekten resultieren und besondere Anforderungen an eine schlagkräftige IT-Governance stellen. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass die Philosophie des "Real Time Enterprise" technische und kulturelle Herausforderungen an die Unternehmensführung stellt. Eine ökonomische Analyse von Vernetzungsgleichgewichten am Beispiel Straight Through Processing im grenzüberschreitenden Wertpapierhandel verdeutlicht, welche Herausforderungen Vernetzungsprozesse mit sich bringen. Computersimulationen zeigen vielversprechende Resultate bezüglich der Lösbarkeit "klassischer" Netzwerkprobleme wie insbesondere des Start-up-Problems und unterstreichen den Wert moderner Strategien wie insbesondere der Coopetition.

König, W., and Beimborn, D. (2004)
Zur Integrationstiefe in der zwischenbetrieblichen Zusammenarbeit
Stanoevska-Slabeva, Katarina (Hrsg.): Digital Economy - Anspruch und Wirklichkeit, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York (Springer)

Weitzel, T., Beimborn, D., and König, W. (2004)
Outsourcing von Finanzprozessen
Management-Kompass IT-Strategie F.A.Z.-Institut , S. 12-17

View Abstract
Eine empirische Studie des Frankfurter E-Finance Lab zeigt, wie Unternehmen unterschiedlicher Branchen durch modernes Financial Chain Management ihre IT-Finanzprozesse effizient gestalten. Weitere Beiträge analysieren die Kosteneffekte durch IT-Transformation, Sourcingalternativen und IT-Investitionen im Mittelstand.

Weitzel, T., and König, W. (2003)
Zwischenbetriebliche Kooperationen und elektronische Märkte
in: Küting. K./Noack, H. (Hrsg.) (2003): Der große BWL-Führer - die 50 wichtigsten Strategien und Instrumente zur Unternehmensführung; F.A.Z.-Institut, Frankfurt (ISBN 3-89843-085-5). Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/BWL-Fuehrer-wichtigsten-Strategien-Instrumente-Unternehmensfuehrung/dp/3898430855/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1299163175&sr=8-1

Weitzel, T. (2003)
Standardisierung und Standards
Taschenbuch der Wirtschaftsinformatik und Wirtschaftsmathematik, Frankfurt am Main (2.Auflage)

Weitzel, T., and von Westarp, F. (2002)
From QWERTY to nuclear power reactors: Historic battles for the standard
Geihs/Koenig/von Westarp (ed.): Networks - Standardization, Infrastructure, and Applications, Berlin (Springer) 2002, 33-61. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Networks-Standardization-Infrastructure-Applications-Information/dp/3790814490

View Abstract
Key success factors in eleven historic standardization battles are discussed, among them the famous VHS versus Betamax, IBM vs. Apple or QWERTY vs. Dvorak`s keyboard design.

Weitzel, T. (2001)
Netzeffekttheorie
Lexikon der Wirtschaftsinformatik, Berlin

Weitzel, T., Buxmann, P., Ladner, F., and Kronenberg, R. (2001)
XML und EDI - Der Stand der Standardisierung
Rossbach, G. (Hrsg.): Mobile Internet, Karlsruhe 2001, 269-283. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Mobile-Internet-Deutscher-Internet-Kongress-Karlsruhe/dp/3898641430

Buxmann, P., and Weitzel, T. (2001)
Electronic Data Interchange - Eine XML-Anwendung zum Rechnungsaustausch
Turowski, K./Fellner, K. (Hrsg.): XML in der betrieblichen Praxis - Standards, M, Heidelberg. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/XML-betrieblichen-Praxis-Klaus-Turowski/dp/3932588916

Weitzel, T., Wendt, O., and von Westarp, F. (2001)
Modeling Diffusion Processes in Networks
Networks - Standardization, Infrastructure, and Applications, Berlin (Springer ) 2001, 3-31. Erhältlich unter: http://www.amazon.de/Networks-Standardization-Infrastructure-Applications-Information/dp/3790814490

View Abstract
In this paper, some of the main results of the research project "Economics of Standards in Information Networks" are presented and integrated into a single framework of technology diffusion. We present an agent-based simulation model that incorporates structural determinants of networks (centrality, topology/density) and individual decision making on the part of prospective technology users under realistic informational assumptions. Based upon these models, decision behavior in terms of the selection of standards and the diffusion of technological innovations in networks can be described; the model can serve as a tool for developing and evaluating various internalization strategies that aim at answering questions like how to consider the determinants of an increasingly global and networked market when choosing corporate strategies.

König, W., Weitzel, T., Buxmann, P., and von Westarp, F. (2000)
The Standardization Problem in Networks - A General Framework
Information Technology Standards and Standardization: A Global Perspective

View Abstract
Choosing the right set of communications standards is fundamental in any kind of interaction, espe-cially in the coordination of economic activities. This decision problem, generally referred to as "thestandardization problem", mainly results from interdependencies due to positive network effects. Theproblem has to be analyzed differently in centralized and decentralized networks. Therefore, we de-veloped separate models for each of these coordination forms which illustrate the advantages anddisadvantages of using standards. We based the economic parameters of the models and the discus-sion of its implications on empirical research. To gain information about the use of software standardsin enterprises, we conducted a comprehensive empirical survey, both in Germany and North America.It focuses on the corporate adoption and use of various IT standards, including Internet and electroniccommerce standards, business software and EDI. Approaching a general framework for analyzing thestandardization problem we combine three different research approaches: Formal analysis, a simula-tive approach and empirical studies (questionnaire, case studies).

von Westarp, F., Weitzel, T., Buxmann, P., and König, W. (1999)
Innovationen im Bereich der B2B-Kommunikation - Fallstudien und technische Lösungen zu WebEDI
Augsburg

Rannenberg, K. (1998)
Datenschutz als Innovationsmotor statt als Technikfeind
Der neue Datenschutz - Datenschutz in der Informationsgesellschaft von morgen, Neuwied